Tunisia

=Tunisia = flat

=**__Map:__** =



=**__History: __**=


 * 15-16th Century: Tunisia's earliest history can be dated back to the Berber Dynasty. During this period, Spain and Turkey took notice of the country's location and natural resources. In the 16th Century, Spain and Turkey rivaled over Tunisia's coastline. In the end, Turkey won.
 * 1574: Turkey used the Tunisian coast as a place where Turkish pirates (Corsairs) could port after pirating other countries and ships. Turkey's win signified that they were the Ottoman Empire's protectorate (a protected state or country).
 * 1881: Before the French took control of the country, Tunisia was controlled by France, Britain, and Italy. The French gained control with the Treaty of Bardo and the country becomes a protectorate.
 * 1907: The Young Tunisian party was formed to gain independence for Tunisia. The French continually through 1922, made sure that the YTP did not gain a lot of power and progress.
 * 1934: Some young members of the YTP grew impatient with the lack of progress in the group and then formed their own group called the Neo-Destour Party. The new party's secretary-general was instead Habib Bourgubia. [[image:http://www.photography-match.com/views/images/gallery/Roman_Ruins_Sbeitla_Tunisia.jpg width="344" height="262" align="right" caption="Source: http://www.photography-match.com/views/images/gallery/Roman_Ruins_Sbeitla_Tunisia.jpg"]]
 * 1954: Pierre Mendès-France became the French socialist premier and announced that France was to partially withdraw from Tunisia because it was one of France's most troubled colonies. Habib Bourgubia became leader of the new government, the Neo-Destour. He did not agree to becoming Prime Minister until Tunisia had full independence from France.
 * 1956: Tunisia gained full independence.
 * 1964-1966: Bourgubia stopped aiding the French in their war on Algeria.
 * 1975: Bourgubia is appointed president for life by the National Assembly.
 * 1987: Prime Minister Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali takes Bourgubia's place as president after Bourgubia became an erratic making decisions.
 * 1989: Elections are held and Ben Ali and his party (Constitutional Democratic Assembly) win 99% of the vote.
 * 1994: A new electoral law was introduced, it added 19 seats to the assembly.
 * 1999: Ben Ali was elected again with almost 100% of the votes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">2004: Ben Ali was elected again and with almost 100% of the votes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">2010-Present: Protests broke out due to the high prices of food and government corruption. Ben Ali was relieved of his power by his Prime Minister Mohammed Ghannouchi.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"History of modern Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 25 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_modern_Tunisia>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"HISTORY OF TUNISIA." HistoryWorld - History and Timelines. 24 Mar. 2011. <http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac93>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Tunisia: History — Infoplease.com." Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. 25 Mar. 2011. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861652.html>.



=**__<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Geography: __**=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Location: Northern Africa, between Libya and Algeria, along the Mediterranean Sea
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Size: 163,610 sq km
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Climate:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">North: Temperate with mild, rainy winters
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">South: Hot, dry summers; desert.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Terrain:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">North: Atlas mountains
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Central: Hot, dry, plains
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">South: Submerging with Sahara desert (very dry, hot)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Arable Land: 17.05%
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Population: 10,629,186
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">0-14 (Female- 1,193,348) (Male- 1,274,348) = 23.2% of population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">15-64 (Female- 3,728,294) (Male- 3,638,014) = 69.3% of the population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">65+ (Female- 405,344) (Male- 390,055) = 7.5% of the population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Median Ages
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Female- 30.4 years
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Male- 29.6 years
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Population Growth: 0.978%
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sex Ratio
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Infants: 1 Female/1.07 Male(s)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Under 15 years: 1 Female/ 1.07 Male(s)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">15-64 years: 1 Female/ 1.01 Male(s)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">65+: 1 Female/ 0.86 Male(s)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">[[image:http://myholidayserviceplans.com/Tunisia2.jpg width="433" height="290" align="left" caption="Source: http://myholidayserviceplans.com/tunisia.php"]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Life Expectancy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Female: 77.17 years
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Male: 73 years
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Ethnicity: 98% Arab, 1% European, 1% Jewish and others
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Religion: Islam 98%, Christian 1%, 1% Jewish and others
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Language: Arabic (Official and a language of commerce), French (a language of commerce)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Literacy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Female: 65.3%
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Male: 83.4%

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">(Population data as of early 2011)

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Africa: Tunisia." CIA: World Factbook. 11 Mar. 2011. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html>.

=**__<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Economy: __**=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Diverse economy, main source of revenue:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Agriculture: Olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Mining: Phosphate, iron ore
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tourism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Textiles: Footwear [[image:http://i-cias.com/e.o/ill/tunisia_10dinar02_large.jpg width="401" height="205" align="right" caption="Source: http://i-cias.com/e.o/ill/tunisia_10dinar02_large.jpg"]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">GDP is $100.3 billion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">70th out of all countries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Growth rate: 3.4%
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Exports: $16.11 billion dollars
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Imports: $20.2 billion dollars
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">14% unemployment rate
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">3.8% of population below poverty line
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Debt: 49.5% of GDP
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Exchange Rate: 1 U.S. Dollar/ 1.3875 Tunisian Dinar
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Heavy government control on economic affairs, though there has been more privatization, simplification of taxes, and different ways of handling the country's debt
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"The challenges ahead include: privatizing industry, liberalizing the investment code to increase foreign investment, improving government efficiency, reducing the trade deficit, and reducing socioeconomic disparities in the impoverished south and west" (CIA World Factbook).

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Africa: Tunisia." CIA: World Factbook. 11 Mar. 2011. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"XE: (USD/TND) United States Dollars to Tunisia Dinars Rate." XE - The World's Favorite Currency and Foreign Exchange Site. 25 Mar. 2011. <http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=USD&To=TND>.



=**__<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">How the country relates to France: __**=

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">France had a strong impact on Tunisian culture, especially economically and socially. Like many other African countries, Tunisia had many resources plucked by the Europeans. France impacted the Tunisian society by implementing it's culture on Tunisia.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Shared language with French
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Business and government relations are extensive and mutual
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">France receives the most Tunisian exports
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Some French companies have outsourced to Tunisia

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Foreign relations of Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 25 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tunisia>.

=__**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Music: **__=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tunisian music has a strong Arabic influence because most of the population is Arab.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Malouf- The most famous genre of music is Malouf. Malouf (translated means "that which is normal," is a type of Arabic music that has a Spanish influence). In the 15th century, Muslims were forced to leave Spain and then fled to North Africa, particularly Tunisia and with them brought Malouf. Malouf is played by a small orchestra consisting of violins, drums, flutes and sitars. Malouf is not recorded as much in the modern day but, is played at weddings and other ceremonies.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Mezwed- popular traditional music that uses drums and a bagpipe-like instrument called a Mizwad. Words for the song are commonly sung in Arabic.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Famous Tunisian singers:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Saber Rebai
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Anouar Brahem

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Song examples:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Ana Wel Azab We Hawak by Mohamed Abdel Wahhab- http://www.focusmm.com/sound/amusic/anawel.mid
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Ya Omrena by Amr Diab- http://www.focusmm.com/sound/amusic/yaomre.mid

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"FOCUS on TUNISIA - Music." Focus Mediterranean Magazine | Mediterranean Culture | Focusmm.com. 26 Mar. 2011. <http://www.focusmm.com/tunisia/tn_musmn.htm>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Music of Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 26 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Tunisia>.



=__**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">Literature: **__=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">Much of Tunisian writing came from Muslim theologians as far back as the 6th century.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">Famous Tunisian writers from the early centuries include //al-Mu’allaqat//, Antarah, Tarafah and Imru’al-Qays, who wrote a lot of poetry about various aspects of life such as love.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">The most famous Tunisian writer is Ibn Khaldoun. He is regarded as one of the fathers of sociology and political science.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">Traditional Tunisian literature came from the Roman and Byzantine periods.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">Most of the modern traditional Tunisian literature came from the 20th century Renaissance.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">"About Tunisia - Tunisia Guide & Information." //Tunisia Tourism Board - Official Site//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://www.cometotunisia.co.uk/about-tunisia/culture/literature>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Culture of Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Tunisia>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">"Tunisian literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 7 Apr. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_literature>.

=__**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Food: **__=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The food is a combination of Arab, French, Turkish, Phoenician, Berber, and Roman foods.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Spice is a large characteristic.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The national dish is couscous.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Other common dishes include: Chorba, Lalabli, Bouza, Samsa, Brik, Tagine, Torshi, Harissa and Merguez.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">It is thought that "the amount of love a wife feels for her husband is measured by the amount of hot pepper she puts in the meal."

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Tunisian cuisine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Tunisia Food ." //World Map, Map of the World//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://www.mapsofworld.com/tunisia/culture/food.html>.

=**__<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tourism: __**=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tunisia's most popular tourist attractions include:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tunis (the capital)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Carthage (the location of ancient Roman encounters)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The beautiful coast (Monastir)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Jerba (the Muslim and Jewish quarters of the city)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The city is famous for medical tourists
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tourism in the area is currently not popular because of the recent social unrest, as of March 10, 2011 a travel alert was initiated.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">To enter the country:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">a visa is not necessary if coming from one of many countries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">highly recommended that the traveler get their typhoid fever and tetanus shots before entering

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Tourism in Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Tunisia>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Zijlma, Anouk. "Tunisia Travel Tips - Tunisia Travel Information, Visas, Transport, Safety, When to Go." //Africa Travel//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://goafrica.about.com/od/tunisia/a/tunisiatips.htm>.

== =__**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sports: **__=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The most popular sports in Tunisia include:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Soccer
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Most popular sport
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Won the 2004 African Cup of Nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tunisian professional team- Tunisian Ligue Professionelle 1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Handball [[image:http://www2.pictures.gi.zimbio.com/Ghana+v+Tunisia+International+Friendly+f4NsR1eCWQZl.jpg width="352" height="234" align="right" caption="Source: http://www2.pictures.gi.zimbio.com/Ghana+v+Tunisia+International+Friendly+f4NsR1eCWQZl.jpg"]]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Second most popular sport
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Won the National Cup eight times
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tennis
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Annually holds the Tunis Open
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Rugby
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Team ranked 35th in world
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Never qualified for Rugby World Cup
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Volleyball
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Won eight African cups
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sports are encouraged in school
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Some sports clubs receive financial aid from the government

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Sources:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Sport in Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Tunisia>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Tunisia Sport | Tunisia.com." //Tunisia - Tunisian holidays, hotels, flights and culture//. 11 Apr. 2011. <http://www.tunisia.com/tunisia/culture/tunisia-sport>.



=<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">__**Two Book Sources about Tunisia:**__ =

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">**__Tunisia__ by Roslind Brown and Michael Spilling**


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The first chapter of __Tunisia__ gave great information of Tunisia's earliest ancient history. Some of the earliest tools have been found in Tunisia, in the Maghrib. They are thought to be two million years old. There is not much else known about the time until the Phoenicians came in the twelfth century. The Phoenicians made their way to Northern Tunisia to establish a trade post between Tyre and Spain. Trade posts were established; the most successful was in Carthage. Carthage was taken over by the Romans, but in the sixth century it fell to the Vandals, and then to the Byzantine Empire<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Another chapter in the book gave insighful information about the country's geography. Tunisia can be separated into three different climates: the mountainous North, the Central plains, and the desert in the South. The North only covers about a fourth of Tunisia. In this area there are three mountain chains, the Atlas Mountains, Kroumirie Mountains, and the Mogod Mountains. The longest and only river that flows all year is the Medjerda, which flows in between the mountains. The Southern Plains are semi-arid and has two distinct climatic areas, the wetter Northern coast along the Coast of Hammament and the drier coast along the Gulf of Gabes. The Southern desert area of Tunisia starts at the Southern part of the plains and eventually merges with the Sahara desert. The desert area covers a little more than half of all of Tunisia. Only a very small percentage of the Sahara desert is actually located in Tunisia.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Brown, Roslind Varghese, and Michael Spilling. //Tunisia//. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009. Print.

**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">__Tunisia__ by Abigail Hole, Michael Grosberg, and Daniel Robinson **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The chapter ("Tunis") out of the book __Tunisia__ gave detailed information about the capital's history as well as the best places to sight-see, eat, and shop. The most interesting aspect of the chapter was its section on the capital's locations to sight-see. The Medina is one of Tunis' largest tourist attractions. The Medina is Tunis' original ancient town. Tunnels and hidden homes amongst the narrow streets keep the area cool in the summer and warm in the colder months. It was founded by the Arabs in the seventh century. During the nineteenth century, a French architect went into the country and built a new area for wealthy Tunisians. This led to the Medina becoming a slum in the future. In the 1930s and 1940s parts of the Medina were demolished to allow more room for vehicles. This was soon stopped after it was started. There are roughly 15,000 people who live in the Medina in the modern day. Today, the area is mainly used for selling souvenirs to tourists.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Another tourist attraction in Tunisia are the various mosques. The most famous mosque in Tunis is the Zaytouna Mosque (also known as the Great Mosque). The founder of the mosque (Hassan Ib Nooman) was said to have sat under olive trees which is where Zaytouna comes from (zaytouna meaning olive tree). The mosque covers approximately 1.2 acres. It is also famous for having 160 columns taken from Carthage. The mosque also houses one of the world's best universities for Islamic studies.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hole, Abigail, Michael Grosberg, and Daniel Robinson. "Tunis." //Tunisia//. 6a ed. italiana, trad dalla 4a ed. Torino: EDT, 2007. 66-99. Print.

=<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%;">**__Satin Rouge Film Analysis:__** = <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-indent: 0.5in;">__Satin Rouge__ takes place in Tunisia. The film portrays modern day Tunisia. Tunisia, in the 2000s was not as unstable as it is in 2011 due to riots throughout the country. Since 1987, Zine alAbidine Ben Ali reformed the Tunisian economy, which then increased foreign investments. With his help, Tunisia’s GDP tripled. Though Ben Ali bettered the country, the further his career progressed, the more corrupt he and his family became. The corruption angered the Tunisian people and in 2011, the people started wide scale protests. The corruption had led to high food prices and a very high price of living. Ben Ali declared a state of emergency, removed the government and instead of stepping down right away, set a date for elections to be held. On January 14, 2011, the Prime Minister of Tunisia, Mohammad Ghannouchi assumed leadership after Ali fled the country to Saudi Arabia where he was welcomed.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">Traditionally, the country is famous for its long tradition of belly dancing. One of the traditional belly dances is called the “Stambali.” It is a dance that is often performed in people’s homes and is thought to have some therapeutic effects such as improved posture, toned muscles, weight loss, and stress reduction. Another popular dance, raqs sharqui, can be seen at ceremonies, especially weddings. This traditional dance is often seen in other Middle Eastern countries as well.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The title of the film is Satin Rouge. It can be translated to red satin. The title is significant because satin is the main fabric of the belly dancers dresses. Lilia (the main character) wears a variety of belly dancing outfits, which represents the title because Lilia wears a red satin belly dancing outfit. The film was made in 2002 and filmed in the capital of Tunisia, Tunis. The director of the film is Raja Amari. She was born in 1971 and trained to be a belly dancer for many years. She went to the University of Tunis where she majored in romance languages. She then went to film school in Paris. After completing film school she went on to make a few short films and then __Satin Rouge__.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The film presents a feminine point of view. It can be seen throughout the film because the men in the film either do not talk or talk very little. The women do basically all of the speaking in the film. Women are also the main focus of most of the film. Chokri’s character shows how the men in the film do not speak a lot, they have a large part in the film because most of the problems are about men. Lilia’s daughter Salma sleeps with Chokri but has to hide her relationship with him from her mother. This secret strains the mother-daughter relationship. Another scene that shows feminism is after Lilia performs at the Cabaret, she and Chokri walk back towards her home, she is the only one that speaks in the scene.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-indent: 0.5in;">Another theme in the film is sexuality. Lilia is originally a conservative woman who does not express herself sexually in anyway. It is only when she stumbles upon the cabaret after suspecting her daughter is there. Once she watches the belly dancers, she is intrigued by them and keeps going back. In the end, Lilia is confident with her sexuality and makes an attempt to dress in a way that flatters her figure. She even sleeps with Chokri, which shows that she is getting in touch with her sexuality and moving on from her husband’s death. I found it interesting that sexuality was such a large theme because the film was made in a predominately Islamic country. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The mood of the film goes from gloomy to bright. The mood follows Lilia’s transformation into a more confident woman. The mood is created because of Lilia’s actions and dialogue. In the beginning of the film, Lilia does not talk much and has a poor slouching posture. It effects emotions because she carry’s herself in an unhappy manner and dresses in loose fitting unattractive dresses.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-indent: 0.5in;">The scenery in the film was fairly simple, especially in Lilia’s home. There were few decorations around the home. The cabaret was different though. It was very bright and much different than Lilia’s home. The outdoor scenery was older looking because the film was filmed in the countries old capital Tunis. The music was a large part of the film. It was mostly diegetic. Most of the music is traditional Tunisian music. The music that Lilia listened to in the beginning of the film almost sounded like a call to prayer. At the cabaret, the music was much more upbeat and great for dancing. The cabaret music consisted of mainly drumming and an occasional person singing.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-indent: 0.5in;">The opening scene of the film was strange. The music was diegetic because it was coming from a radio Lilia was listening to. The music was traditional Arabic singing with little background accompaniment. In the scene, Lila was cleaning her bedroom. There was no speaking in this scene and only Lilia was in it cleaning. A photo of a man can be seen on her dresser and it is assumed that he was likely her husband because of how often he was seen in the film. It was a very simple scene but it showed Lilia’s simplicity. Lilia’s outfit in the scene was simple and something that a woman would wear if she were much older than Lilia. This scene showed that women are expected to dress modestly in Tunisian society. Lilia and other women that end up widowed, are often seen as outcasts in Islamic culture. This shows that some Islamic followers believe that women are less than men and need to be watched to make sure they do nothing wrong against Allah.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; text-indent: 0.5in;">The last scene in the film was Salma and Chokri’s wedding. This scene was very important because it was a closure to Lilia’s old life where she was very unhappy. It showed how Salma also grew from her experiences with Chokri and her mother by growing up and maturing. The music in the scene was vibrant and happy; people were dancing and clapping to it. It was traditional Tunisian music that is traditional to weddings and ceremonies. The mise-en-scène was very full but not cluttered and the colors in the scene were very bright. The colors in the scene were warm colors such as red, yellow, and orange. There were a variety of drapes slung across the room and gold chairs that the newly wedded couple sat in. The costumes, like the scenery, were very bright and elaborate. The outfits were decorated with gold sequins and various other decorations.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">__Questions__ <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Was dancing more accepted in Tunisia than other countries we have studied? <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Are women treated better in modern Tunisia than modern Algeria and other North African countries?

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">__Works Cited__ <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"History of modern Tunisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 29 Apr. 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_modern_Tunisia <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"Red Satin (2002) - IMDb." //The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)//. 29 Apr. 2011. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0300453/>. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"Tunisian dance history | Everything Belly Dance: History, Instruction, & More." //Mellilah Belly Dancer Seattle//. 29 Apr. 2011. <http://mellilah.com/blog/tag/tunisian-dance-history/>. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"Zeitgeist Films | Satin Rouge." //Zeitgeist Films.// 29 Apr. 2011. <http://www.zeitgeistfilms.com/film.php?mode=filmmaker&directoryname=satinrouge>.